Why 16 and 17 are different
At 16 or 17, the Passport Office looks again at a name changed in childhood, because when it was changed the person was a child and a parent could still object. If consent from everyone with parental responsibility is missing or in doubt, its guidance says the young person can provide a new change of name document they’ve completed themselves.
GOV.UK says 16 and 17 year olds can make their own deed poll, and the Passport Office won’t accept objections to a change of name a young person makes after turning 16. Coram Children’s Legal Centre explains that it’s under 16 that everyone with parental responsibility has to consent. GOV.UK: change a child’s name Coram Children’s Legal Centre: changing a child’s surname
So a deed poll they sign themselves at 16 or 17 settles any doubt about the original, because nobody with parental responsibility can object to it. If the child’s deed poll has gone missing, it’s often the simplest fix too.